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by Thomas Walsh
Human Beings and Artificial Intelligence in Theological Perspective:
Coexistence for Mutual Prosperity
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(2), 2025
Abstract AI is having dramatic impact on many fields, including medicine, education, finance, and national security. Like many technological developments---fire, agricultural tools, writing, steam engines, railroads, automobiles, air travel, gun powder, the computer, nuclear energy, digital communications---AI’s impact is transformational, a game changing technology, even in these relatively early stages of its development. Some envision a moment, not far in the future, when AI will not only achieve agency, as in a capacity for reflection, reasoning and decisionmaking, eventually surpassing human beings as the most intelligent species. Some speak of the development of AI as leading ultimately to a singularity, a “big bang” moment in human evolution, a time when anthropocentrism is brought to an end and a post-human reality emerges.
Glycosylation of Anthraquinone by UGT-1: Biosynthesis of
compound with potential biological activity
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(2), 2025
Abstract Anthraquinones are secondary metabolites of plants and are widely distributed in various species. They are known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-damage, and anti-osteoporosis. Anthraquinones are generally lipophilic, which results in relatively low solubility and bioavailability. These limitations can be addressed through enzymatic reactions such as glycosylation and hydroxylation. In this study, we attempted the glycosylation of two anthraquinone compounds, anthraflavic acid and xanthopurpurin, using microbial UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT-1. UGT-1 could catalyze the O-glucosylation of anthraquinones to form glucoside-type products, which were confirmed by HPLC and high-resolution LC-MS analyses. This study demonstrates that glycosyltransferase UGT-1 could be a good candidate for producing modified anthraquinones with poogical activtential biolities
by Min-Su Kim and Tae-Jin Oh
Effective parameter evaluation of cylindrically propagating elastic waves
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(2), 2025
Abstract This study proposes a methodology to interpret cylindrically propagating elastic waves as analogous to waves propagating in Cartesian coordinates. By employing coordinate transformations and leveraging the symmetry of wave propagation, the approach simplifies the complexities inherent in cylindrical coordinate systems. This framework enables the application of existing Cartesian-based analytical techniques to cylindrical wave problems, providing enhanced computational efficiency. The proposed method holds potential for various engineering applications, including elastic wave-based nondestructive testing and structural optimization, particularly in complex media and structures.
by Chung Il Park
A study on the improvement of corrosion fatigue strength of Al7075-T6 alloy by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification technology
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(2), 2025
Abstract Aluminum alloys are extensively used in civil aircraft due to their lightweight, high
strength, and excellent formability. However, their susceptibility to corrosion and corrosion fatigue poses a significant maintenance challenge in aviation environments. This study explores the effectiveness of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology in enhancing the corrosion fatigue strength of Al7075-T6 alloy. Specimens were subjected to controlled corrosion conditions and treated with UNSM either before or after corrosion exposure. Corrosion fatigue tests revealed that UNSM treatment significantly increased fatigue life—by over 140 times compared to untreated corroded specimens—by inducing deep compressive residual stress, increasing surface hardness, and refining surface structure. These results highlight UNSM's potential to delay crack initiation and propagation in corrosive environments, offering a promising surface enhancement strategy for aircraft aluminum alloys.
by Inho Cho and Youngsik Pyun
Enhancing AI-Driven Dermatology with CycleGAN: Synthetic
Clinical-to-Dermoscopic Image Generation
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(2), 2025
Abstract Dermoscopy and clinical imaging are vital for diagnosing skin conditions, as they provide complementary perspectives that enhance diagnostic insight. However, while clinical images are easy to acquire, dermoscopic imaging often faces limitations due to equipment costs, expertise requirements, and data scarcity. This imbalance restricts the development of robust deep learning models in dermatology. To overcome this challenge, we propose a CycleGAN-based bidirectional image translation framework capable of generating realistic synthetic dermoscopic and clinical images from their respective counterparts. The model effectively preserves key pathological structures while bridging the modality gap between the two imaging domains. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates promising results, with FID scores of 153.93 (clinical) and 117.03 (dermoscopic), and mean LPIPS scores of 0.6368 (clinical) and 0.6421 (dermoscopic), confirming the visual realism and structural consistency of the generated images. By reducing dependence on costly data acquisition and improving dataset diversity, this approach establishes a foundation for integrating synthetic data into dermatological deep learning, ultimately enhancing diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability.
by Sarreha T. Rikta and Wonsang You
X-ray bursts from neutron stars: A brief review of the current state of research
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(2), 2025
Abstract X-ray thermonuclear bursts (Type I X-ray bursts) are among the most informative and intense transient phenomena associated with accreting neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). These bursts occur due to unstable thermonuclear burning of accreted hydrogen and helium on the neutron star surface, and occasionally heavier fuels, producing bright, short-lived X-ray outbursts. The observed burst properties carry crucial information about nuclear synthesis processes under extreme conditions, the physics of neutron star envelopes and crusts, and the accretion environment. Over the past five decades, the field of burst research has undergone significant advancements thanks to the evolution of observational facilities—from the first detectors aboard SAS-3 and ANS satellites to extensive RXTE catalogs and modern high-precision instruments such as NICER, NuSTAR, Swift, and INTEGRAL. Simultaneously, theoretical models describing ignition, flame propagation, and nuclear reaction chains, including the rp-process and carbon ignition responsible for superbursts, have progressed substantially. Despite these achievements, key open questions remain regarding detailed nuclear reaction pathways, the influence of burst oscillations on surface modes and neutron star rotation, mechanisms of rare phenomena such as type II bursts and superbursts, and systematic uncertainties in using Photospheric Radius Expansion (PRE) bursts to constrain neutron star mass and radius. This review integrates the historical development, current observational data, theoretical modeling, and future prospects of X-ray burst studies. It summarizes major milestones, including the compilation of burst catalogs and statistical population studies, discovery and interpretation of oscillations and PRE bursts, development of multi-zone numerical models of thermonuclear ignition and flame spreading, as well as identification and investigation of superbursts. Particular attention is given to how bursts enable constraints on nuclear physics and the equation of state of ultra-dense matter, and experimental and observational approaches are proposed to address outstanding issues. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers entering the field and to outline a roadmap for future interdisciplinary projects connecting high-energy astrophysics, nuclear experiments, advanced computational techniques, and multi-messenger observations.
by Ivan Chelovekov
Scaffold-Guided Local Bone Regeneration via Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) Reverse Signaling: from Gelatin Hydrogels to Injectable Microparticles and Cholesteryl-Bearing Pullulan (CHP) Nanogels
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(2), 2025
Abstract Although systemic therapies for bone loss are well established, localized bone ugmentation approaches remain less mature overall. This unmet need is driving a shift toward localized, minimally invasive strategies. In receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) reverse signaling—a distinct, osteoanabolic pathway compared with the canonical receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)–RANKL–osteoprotegerin (OPG) resorptive axis—RANKL, normally a ligand, acts as a receptor on osteoblast-lineage cells, where membrane accumulation and clustering trigger pro-osteogenic signaling. Peptide activators of this pathway (OP3-4, W9) are effective, but their performance depends on scaffold properties that sustain local release and provide multivalent presentation to drive RANKL membrane accumulation and clustering. This review synthesizes recent advances in scaffold platforms engineered to enable and amplify RANKL reverse signaling, with emphasis on gelatin hydrogels, cholesteryl-bearing pullulan (CHP) nanogels, and injectable microparticle systems. We articulate design principles—release kinetics, porosity/architecture, and chemical modification—that govern local bioavailability and effective ligand valency, and we outline how these principles extend to RANK-bearing extracellular vesicles. Finally, we outline practical criteria for pairing RANKL-binding peptides with scaffolds compatible with non-surgical injectable delivery and discuss translational considerations for future clinical use.
by Fatma Rashed and Kazuhiro Aoki
Efficacy of AMXs, Natural Filaggrin and TNF-alpha Modulators containing V. amygdalina leaf Extracts, on Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(2), 2025
Abstract Environmental inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact dermatitis (CD) are common skin disorders in both industrialized and developing countries. They are characterized by a defect of the skin barrier and increased inflammatory response. Worldwide, the prevalence of environmental and occupational dermatitis has increased exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the elevated utilization of disinfectants and personal protective equipment (PPE). Steroids have long been used as the first-line treatment for dermatitis; but consid
ering their side effects and contraindications, there is a need of effective treatments with better safety profile. This mini-review and case report highlights the skin health benefits of African plant V. amygdalina leaf extracts (AMXs). Our research team was the first to explore the beneficial health effects of AMXs in animal models of atopic (AD) and contact dermatitis (CD). It was observed that the water (AMX1) and ethanolic (AMX2) leaf extracts were as effective as topical steroid preparation in preventing and alleviating AD and CD, as well as in relieving itch, skin erosion and excoriation. Another study (immuno-fluorescence assay) showed that AMX and AMX-contained Vernodalin both have significantly increased the production of filaggrin (FLG) in mouse skin and reduced plasma TNF-alpha (vs. steroid). In our clinical investigation in patients with moderate to severe AD and CD, AMX1 and AMX2 were as effective as steroid preparation; but relatively more effective in relieving itch and healing wounded skin. Four clinical cases of African and Japanese CD patients successfully treated with AMX2 are also presented. Research findings and observations from recent CD cases suggest that AMXs are effective and could be used as therapeutic alternative to steroids, with a better safety profile, in the management of inflammatory skin diseases, particularly AD and CD.
by Luzitu Severin Nangana et al.