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by Jayram Karmacharya, Prasansah Shrestha and Tae-Jin Oh
Laccase mediator systems: Virtual screening for Natural mediators
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(1), 2025
Abstract Industries are increasingly turning to green chemistry, with laccase enzymes garnering attention due to their ability to use oxygen to produce water as a by-product while catalyzing a wide range of reactions. Bacterial laccases, though less explored, offer stability at high temperatures and pH levels. However, they require mediator systems to handle complex molecules. Structure-based virtual screening aids in identifying suitable mediators, potentially reducing costs, and accelerating discovery. These techniques rely solely on the target protein three-dimensional structure and do not require knowledge of the unique bioactivity of the protein. As a result, structure-based approaches are theoretically more adaptive to unknown protein and ligand compounds than ligand-based approaches. Therefore, we aimed to screen and compare the efficacy of natural mediators over the artificial mediators for laccase oxidation. Here, we predicted that natural mediators like coumaric acid and ferulic acid showed promise comparable to artificial ones, such as N-hydroxythalimide and N-hydroxyacetanilide respectively, in computational assessments (binding energy), suggesting virtual screening’s potential in mediator discovery
Future Prediction of Universe through Quantum Entanglement Entropy
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(1), 2025
Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing interest in research suggesting that the spacetime of the universe is formed by quantum entanglement. This paper aims to predict the future of the universe based on this quantum entanglement. Quantum entanglement follows the area law that it is proportional to the area of the boundary surface between two regions. Assuming that this quantum entanglement fundamentally controls the volume of the universe through the Holographic Principle, known as the Ryu-Takayanagi formula, this paper explores the implications. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the area law breaks at extremely low temperatures, where quantum entanglement becomes proportional to the inverse power of the temperature T, ranging from T-1/5 to T-2/3. Applying this to the quantum entanglement in the universe, it is assumed that the breakdown of the area law occurs at these extremely low temperatures. Therefore, as the universe expands and the temperature becomes extremely low, where the area law breaks, quantum entanglement decreases, and the expansion of the universe comes to a halt. At this moment, there is a possibility that an energy gap emerges. This paper discusses the cessation of the universe's expansion, leaving the exploration of what follows as a future research topic.
by Koryo Ohta and Takahiro Hiroi
Electron Model as a Spherical Standing Wave: Validation by Constant Calculation
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(1), 2025
Abstract Positivity, negativity, and wave-particle duality are fundamental properties in existence. Assuming the existence of a complex point charge with these properties, a spherical standing wave model is derived. This spherical standing wave is a spherically symmetric standing wave that resonates between the inner and outer radii. The inner radius does not become zero; therefore, no self-energy divergence problem exists. Since it has complex amplitude corresponding to voltage (scalar potential) and current (vector potential), it is compatible with quantum theory that also has complex amplitude. An electron model is assumed to be a spherical standing wave with an electron classical radius as the inner radius, a Bohr radius as the outer radius, and an elementary charge as the size of wave source. This study obtains energy and resonance conditions from an equivalent resonance circuit. The derived formulas include the Compton wavelength, electron mass, ionization energy, and Rydberg constant. Thus, the calculated values were consistent with existing physical constants.
by Yoshihiro Togami
Step-Skew Rotor Design of Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for EPS System using Cycloid Curve
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(1), 2025
Abstract This study examines the step-skew design of cogging torque reduction for SPMSM (Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) in EPS (Electric Power Steering) System. In this paper, a cycloid curve on the magnet shape is proposed to reduce the cogging torque for rotor step skew design. Based on the same rotor step-skew design, an evaluation index is used and determined to compare the proposed and conventional magnet shape design. The proposed and conventional design methods are compared using numerical method such as FEM (Finite Element Method).
by Chungseong Lee and Keunsik Kim
Emotion Recognition Technique: A Comprehensive Review
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(1), 2025
Abstract Emotion recognition is rapidly advancing within the realm of artificial intelligence (AI), spurred by progress in deep learning, multimodal data handling, and broader availability of large datasets. This paper offers an in-depth overview of emotion recognition strategies, focusing on biometric signals (e.g., audio, visual, physiological, and brain signals), conventional machine learning methods, and the latest deep learning architectures, including Transformers, two-dimensional Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) 2D CNNs, and three-dimensional CNNs (3D CNNs). We further examine multimodal systems and the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in merging textual, audio, and video information for more precise emotion assessments. Key challenges such as realtime implementation, data biases, and cultural diversity are also highlighted. Ethical issues related to privacy and the potential misuse of emotion recognition technologies receive attention, as does a discussion of emerging applications in healthcare, human-computer interaction (HCI), mental health monitoring, and education. In sum, this review aims to contribute to the scholarly conversation around evolving emotion recognition methodologies and their applications in practical systems..
by Qurat Ul Ain Aisha, Ahhyeon Lee, , Byung-Gyu Kim and Jiwoo Kang
A proposal to develop the repetitive restoring technology of rolling bearings to realize the goal of circular economy and the sustainable development
Journal of Hyojeong Academia 3(1), 2025
Abstract The pursuit of extending and restoring the fatigue life of rolling bearings represents a critical challenge in mechanical engineering, with significant implications for sustainability and industrial efficiency. This study focuses on enhancing the fatigue life of both new and remanufactured rolling bearings through innovative surface modification technologies, particularly ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM). By optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of the UNSM, this research delves into the scientific mechanisms underlying these technologies to maximize their performance. Furthermore, this work aligns with circular economy principles by enabling the repeated reuse of remanufactured bearings. While current technologies permit only one additional reuse cycle, this study aims to surpass this limitation, targeting more than three reuse cycles through advanced surface modification techniques. By pushing the boundaries of current knowledge and technology, this research contributes to more sustainable industrial practices, fostering a circular economy and reducing resource consumption in mechanical industries.
by Junhyong Kim, Inho Cho, Auezhan Amanov and Youngsik Pyun